The movement into another country of someone as a permanent resident. Governments may try to restrict immigration by using quotas, discounting family ties, or being reluctant to accept asylum seekers or refugees (Kofman (2002) Pol. Geog. 21, 8). Skenderovic (2007) Patterns Prej. 41, 2 identifies the definition and exclusion of the Other as characteristic of radical-right politics, while Abu-Laban and Garner (2005) Urb. Aff. Rev. 40, 4 compare the Canadian view of immigration (as a national policy) with that of the USA (as individual choice). See Liu (2001) Soc. & Cult. Geo. 1, 2 on space, place, and scale, and the construction of racial-ethnic and immigrant identities.