Pastoral nomads famed for their horsemanship, who in about 370 ad invaded south-eastern Europe and conquered the Ostrogoths. In 376 they drove the Visigoths into Roman territory and early in the 4th century themselves advanced west, driving the Vandals and others west into Gaul, Italy, and finally Spain. Under Attila (434–53) they ravaged the Balkans and Greece, but a defeat was finally inflicted on them in 451 at the Catalaunian Fields by the Romans and Visigoths under the command of Aetius. However that did not prevent them penetrating and plundering Italy the following year. Two years after the death of Attila they were decisively defeated near the unidentified River Nedao, and thereafter ceased to be of historical significance. The White Huns occupied Bactria and territory west towards the Caspian Sea. They vigorously attacked the power of the Sassanians, defeating and killing Peroz in 484, but then moved south to establish an empire in northern India at the expense of the Guptas.