The study of past human geographies; of past landscapes; ‘geographic perspectives on the past’ (Historical Geography website). ‘The study of the organization of space in the…context of time’ (X. de Planhol 1994). ‘The relationship between humans and their environment in particular socio-cultural, spatio-temporal contexts’ (U. Fellmeth et al., eds 2007). ‘Historical geography may be viewed as being concerned with the historical dimension in geography, and geographical history with the geographical dimension in history’ (A. Baker 2003). Gregory and Healey (2007) PHG 31, 5 examine the creation and dissemination of historical GIS databases, and the use of GIS to perform quantitative and qualitative analyses. Livingstone (2000) Australian Geog. Studs 38, 1 writes that ‘the ‘“history of geography” might profitably be reconceptualized as “the historical geography of geography” ’.

For ‘progress reports’ on historical geography, see Naylor (2005) PHG 29, 5; Naylor (2006) PHG 30, 6; and Naylor (2008) PHG 32, 2. See Offen (2012) PHG 36, 4, 527 for useful summaries of the concerns of historical geography.