“hierarchy”的概念、定义、翻译、参考文献-科学参考

hierarchy

Computer

A set of entities that are partially ordered; the word is frequently misused. See partial ordering.

Biology

A type of social organization in which individuals are ranked according to their status or dominance relative to other group members. This affects their behaviour in various ways, e.g. by determining their access to food or to mates. Many vertebrate animals and some invertebrates live in hierarchical social groups.

Geography

Ordering of phenomena with grades or classes ranked in sequence; central place theory, for example, posits a hierarchy of settlements from regional capitals to hamlets. In a nested hierarchy each level contains/is composed of the level below, with the individuals in that level being smaller-scale sub-systems of the level above. The metasystem (highest level) does not respond to the lowest sub-system directly, as the dynamics of the sub-system are on too small a scale to be of any consequence; in other words, information across any three hierarchical levels is buffered. This suggests that the sensitivity of a system to change takes a different form, depending on where in the hierarchy the drivers of change originate. Whatever your own focus in geography, you will never find hierarchy expressed more clearly than in Couper (2007) TIBG 32, 3. Smith and Kurtz (2003) Geogr. Rev. 93 suggest a hierarchy of coalitions.

Philosophy

See set.

单词	hierarchy
释义	hierarchy Computer A set of entities that are partially ordered; the word is frequently misused. See partial ordering. Biology A type of social organization in which individuals are ranked according to their status or dominance relative to other group members. This affects their behaviour in various ways, e.g. by determining their access to food or to mates. Many vertebrate animals and some invertebrates live in hierarchical social groups. Geography Ordering of phenomena with grades or classes ranked in sequence; central place theory, for example, posits a hierarchy of settlements from regional capitals to hamlets. In a nested hierarchy each level contains/is composed of the level below, with the individuals in that level being smaller-scale sub-systems of the level above. The metasystem (highest level) does not respond to the lowest sub-system directly, as the dynamics of the sub-system are on too small a scale to be of any consequence; in other words, information across any three hierarchical levels is buffered. This suggests that the sensitivity of a system to change takes a different form, depending on where in the hierarchy the drivers of change originate. Whatever your own focus in geography, you will never find hierarchy expressed more clearly than in Couper (2007) TIBG 32, 3. Smith and Kurtz (2003) Geogr. Rev. 93 suggest a hierarchy of coalitions. Philosophy See set.
随便看	normalizing normalizing selection normally consolidated clay normal mode normal mode of vibration normal modes normal moveout normal number normal obsolescence normal operating conditions normal operator normal plots normal population normal probability paper normal problem normal profit normal random variable normal reaction normal score normal solution normal space normal stress normal subgroup normal test normal(to a curve)