who lived in exile in Europe from 1847. Herzen was an early fugitive from Hegelianism, expressing antipathy to all teleological and future-orientated philosophies of society, and, anticipating Dostoievsky, stressing the contingent and muddled human mess that gives them their seductive hold. A revolutionary and ally of Proudhon and Bakunin he published a radical Russian newspaper, The Bell, from his base in London. His translated works include My Past and Thoughts (1866, trs. 1979) and From the Other Shore (1850, trs. 1956).