“Runge–Lenz vector”的概念、定义、翻译、参考文献-科学参考

Runge–Lenz vector

Physics

A vector that is a conserved quantity in the elliptical motion of a single body orbiting another body where there is an inverse-square law of attraction between the two bodies. In the case of celestial mechanics, the physical significance of the Runge–Lenz vector being conserved is that it indicates that the ellipse of the orbit is fixed and does not precess.

There is an analogue of the Runge–Lenz vector in quantum mechanics, which Wolfgang Pauli used to solve the problem of the hydrogen atom. It was subsequently realized that the conservation of the Runge–Lenz vector in the hydrogen atom is associated with a four-dimensional symmetry, giving rise to the Fock degeneracy. Although it was known much earlier, the Runge–Lenz vector is named after Carl Runge (1856–1927), who publicized it in a book on vectors in 1919, and Wilhelm Lenz (1888–1957), who used it in an extension of the Bohr theory in 1924.

Chemistry

A vector that is a conserved quantity in the problem of a single electron orbiting a proton. In terms of the old quantum theory, the physical significance of the Runge–Lenz vector is that the ellipse of an orbiting electron is fixed. The vector is associated with Fock degeneracy and was used by Wolfgang Pauli in 1926 to solve the problem of the hydrogen atom using matrix mechanics. It is named after Carl Runge, who discussed it in 1919 in the context of classical mechanics, and Wilhelm Lenz, who used it in the old quantum theory in 1924. The vector had, however, been known in classical mechanics since the early 18th century.

单词	Runge–Lenz vector
释义	Runge–Lenz vector Physics A vector that is a conserved quantity in the elliptical motion of a single body orbiting another body where there is an inverse-square law of attraction between the two bodies. In the case of celestial mechanics, the physical significance of the Runge–Lenz vector being conserved is that it indicates that the ellipse of the orbit is fixed and does not precess. There is an analogue of the Runge–Lenz vector in quantum mechanics, which Wolfgang Pauli used to solve the problem of the hydrogen atom. It was subsequently realized that the conservation of the Runge–Lenz vector in the hydrogen atom is associated with a four-dimensional symmetry, giving rise to the Fock degeneracy. Although it was known much earlier, the Runge–Lenz vector is named after Carl Runge (1856–1927), who publicized it in a book on vectors in 1919, and Wilhelm Lenz (1888–1957), who used it in an extension of the Bohr theory in 1924. Chemistry A vector that is a conserved quantity in the problem of a single electron orbiting a proton. In terms of the old quantum theory, the physical significance of the Runge–Lenz vector is that the ellipse of an orbiting electron is fixed. The vector is associated with Fock degeneracy and was used by Wolfgang Pauli in 1926 to solve the problem of the hydrogen atom using matrix mechanics. It is named after Carl Runge, who discussed it in 1919 in the context of classical mechanics, and Wilhelm Lenz, who used it in the old quantum theory in 1924. The vector had, however, been known in classical mechanics since the early 18th century.
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