A branch of geopolitics concerned with the study of the spatial, temporal, and political aspects of economies and resources. A primary concern and objective of geoeconomics is ‘building international partnerships that advance “harmonization”, “efficiency”, “economic leverage”, and “growth” against the supposed threats of political “radicalism”, “anachronism”, and “anarchy”’ (Sparke and Lawson in J. Agnew, K. Mitchell, and G. Cairns, eds (2007), 316).