“genetic engineering”的概念、定义、翻译、参考文献-科学参考

genetic engineering

Chemical Engineering

The general term for the artificial manipulation of the nucleic acids DNA and RNA to produce new, modified species of living cells. It involves the (p. 168) formation of new combinations of heritable material by the isolation of nucleic acid molecules by whatever means outside the living cell, into a virus or plasmid, and transferred into a host organism in which they do not naturally occur, but in which they are capable of continued propagation. It has been applied to microorganisms such as bacteria and yeast, and plants in which genes for antibiotic resistance can be transferred to the living organism, for example. It is also known as recombinant DNA technology.

Biology

The techniques involved in altering the characters of an organism by modifying its genome. This can mean changing the base sequence of its DNA in some way, e.g. by knockout or genome editing, or inserting genes from another organism to create recombinant DNA. Alternatively, entirely new genes can be assembled from scratch using sequence information and DNA synthesizers to code for proteins with particular desired properties (see synthetic biology). Bacteria or yeasts containing the recombinant genes serve as ‘cellular factories’, synthesizing the desired protein. Genetic engineering has many applications, ranging from the commercial production of insulin and other hormones, vaccines, etc., to the creation of transgenic animals and crop plants in agriculture (see genetically modified organisms). See also dna library; dna probe; gene cloning; gene therapy; monoclonal antibody.

单词	genetic engineering
释义	genetic engineering Chemical Engineering The general term for the artificial manipulation of the nucleic acids DNA and RNA to produce new, modified species of living cells. It involves the (p. 168) formation of new combinations of heritable material by the isolation of nucleic acid molecules by whatever means outside the living cell, into a virus or plasmid, and transferred into a host organism in which they do not naturally occur, but in which they are capable of continued propagation. It has been applied to microorganisms such as bacteria and yeast, and plants in which genes for antibiotic resistance can be transferred to the living organism, for example. It is also known as recombinant DNA technology. Biology The techniques involved in altering the characters of an organism by modifying its genome. This can mean changing the base sequence of its DNA in some way, e.g. by knockout or genome editing, or inserting genes from another organism to create recombinant DNA. Alternatively, entirely new genes can be assembled from scratch using sequence information and DNA synthesizers to code for proteins with particular desired properties (see synthetic biology). Bacteria or yeasts containing the recombinant genes serve as ‘cellular factories’, synthesizing the desired protein. Genetic engineering has many applications, ranging from the commercial production of insulin and other hormones, vaccines, etc., to the creation of transgenic animals and crop plants in agriculture (see genetically modified organisms). See also dna library; dna probe; gene cloning; gene therapy; monoclonal antibody.
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