“gamma radiation”的概念、定义、翻译、参考文献-科学参考

gamma radiation

Physics

Electromagnetic radiation emitted by excited atomic nuclei during the process of passing to a lower excitation state. Gamma radiation ranges in energy from about 10⁻¹⁵ to 10⁻¹⁰ joule (10 keV to 10 MeV) corresponding to a wavelength range of about 10⁻¹⁰ to 10⁻¹⁴ metre. A common source of gamma radiation is cobalt–60:

$_{27}^{60} Co \overset{β}{\to}_{28}^{60} Ni \overset{γ}{\to}_{28}^{60} Ni$

The de-excitation of nickel–60 is accompanied by the emission of gamma-ray photons having energies 1.17 MeV and 1.33 MeV.

Space Exploration

A very high-frequency, high-energy electromagnetic radiation, similar in nature to X-rays but of shorter wavelength, emitted by the nuclei of radioactive substances during decay or by the interactions of high-energy electrons with matter. Cosmic gamma rays have been identified as coming from pulsars, radio galaxies, and quasars, although they cannot penetrate the Earth's atmosphere.
Gamma rays are stopped only by direct collision with an atom and are therefore very penetrating; they can, however, be stopped by about 4 cm of lead or by a very thick concrete shield. They are less ionizing in their effect than alpha and beta particles, but are dangerous nevertheless because they can penetrate deeply into body tissues such as bone marrow. They are not deflected by magnetic or electric fields.

Chemistry

Electromagnetic radiation emitted by excited atomic nuclei during the process of passing to a lower excitation state. Gamma radiation ranges in energy from about 10⁻¹⁵ to 10⁻¹⁰ joule (10 keV to 10 MeV) corresponding to a wavelength range of about 10⁻¹⁰ to 10⁻¹⁴ metre. A common source of gamma radiation is cobalt–60, the decay process of which is:
$\begin{array}{l} 60 \\ 27 \end{array} Co \overset{β}{\to} \begin{array}{l} 60 \\ 28 \end{array} Ni \overset{γ}{\to} \begin{array}{l} 60 \\ 28 \end{array} Ni$
The de-excitation of nickel–60 is accompanied by the emission of gamma-ray photons having energies 1.17 MeV and 1.33 MeV.

Chemical Engineering

An energetic, short-wave electromagnetic radiation. The waves are emitted as photons by the nuclei of radioactive atoms and have radiation levels that vary in energy between 10⁻¹⁵ and 10−¹⁰ joules corresponding to a wavelength of 10⁻¹⁰ to 10⁻¹⁴ m, and are highly penetrating. They are stopped by materials with a high density such as lead, concrete, and steel.

单词	gamma radiation
释义	gamma radiation Physics Electromagnetic radiation emitted by excited atomic nuclei during the process of passing to a lower excitation state. Gamma radiation ranges in energy from about 10⁻¹⁵ to 10⁻¹⁰ joule (10 keV to 10 MeV) corresponding to a wavelength range of about 10⁻¹⁰ to 10⁻¹⁴ metre. A common source of gamma radiation is cobalt–60: $_{27}^{60} Co \overset{β}{\to}_{28}^{60} Ni \overset{γ}{\to}_{28}^{60} Ni$ The de-excitation of nickel–60 is accompanied by the emission of gamma-ray photons having energies 1.17 MeV and 1.33 MeV. Space Exploration A very high-frequency, high-energy electromagnetic radiation, similar in nature to X-rays but of shorter wavelength, emitted by the nuclei of radioactive substances during decay or by the interactions of high-energy electrons with matter. Cosmic gamma rays have been identified as coming from pulsars, radio galaxies, and quasars, although they cannot penetrate the Earth's atmosphere. Gamma rays are stopped only by direct collision with an atom and are therefore very penetrating; they can, however, be stopped by about 4 cm of lead or by a very thick concrete shield. They are less ionizing in their effect than alpha and beta particles, but are dangerous nevertheless because they can penetrate deeply into body tissues such as bone marrow. They are not deflected by magnetic or electric fields. Chemistry Electromagnetic radiation emitted by excited atomic nuclei during the process of passing to a lower excitation state. Gamma radiation ranges in energy from about 10⁻¹⁵ to 10⁻¹⁰ joule (10 keV to 10 MeV) corresponding to a wavelength range of about 10⁻¹⁰ to 10⁻¹⁴ metre. A common source of gamma radiation is cobalt–60, the decay process of which is: $\begin{array}{l} 60 \\ 27 \end{array} Co \overset{β}{\to} \begin{array}{l} 60 \\ 28 \end{array} Ni \overset{γ}{\to} \begin{array}{l} 60 \\ 28 \end{array} Ni$ The de-excitation of nickel–60 is accompanied by the emission of gamma-ray photons having energies 1.17 MeV and 1.33 MeV. Chemical Engineering An energetic, short-wave electromagnetic radiation. The waves are emitted as photons by the nuclei of radioactive atoms and have radiation levels that vary in energy between 10⁻¹⁵ and 10−¹⁰ joules corresponding to a wavelength of 10⁻¹⁰ to 10⁻¹⁴ m, and are highly penetrating. They are stopped by materials with a high density such as lead, concrete, and steel.
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