“Gaia hypothesis”的概念、定义、翻译、参考文献-科学参考

Gaia hypothesis

Biology

The theory, based on an idea put forward by the British scientist James Ephraim Lovelock (1919– ), that the whole earth, including both its biotic (living) and abiotic (nonliving) components, functions as a single self-regulating system or superorganism. Named after the Greek earth goddess, it proposes that the responses of living organisms to environmental conditions ultimately bring about changes that make the earth better adapted to support life; the system would rid itself of any species that adversely affects the environment. The theory has found favour with many conservationists, and its ideas are embodied in the discipline known as earth system science.

Geography

J. Lovelock (1988) argues that planet Earth—atmosphere, ecosphere, geosphere, and hydrosphere—is a single ecosystem/organism, regulating itself by feedback between its abiotic and biotic components. Lovelock stresses the overriding importance of Gaia, rather than any individual species. Kleidon (2002) Climatic Change 52, 3 concludes that life on Earth tends to enhance carbon uptake.
Gaia tends to equilibrium, but human agency seems to be overriding its regulatory mechanism. ‘We have spread thousands of toxic chemicals worldwide, appropriated 40% of the solar energy available for photosynthesis, converted almost all of the easily arable land, dammed most of the rivers, raised the planet sea level, and now…are close to running out of fresh water. A collateral effect of all this genetic activity is the continuing extinction of wild ecosystems, along with the species that compose them. This also happened to be the only human impact that is irreversible’ (E. O. Wilson 2006).

单词	Gaia hypothesis
释义	Gaia hypothesis Biology The theory, based on an idea put forward by the British scientist James Ephraim Lovelock (1919– ), that the whole earth, including both its biotic (living) and abiotic (nonliving) components, functions as a single self-regulating system or superorganism. Named after the Greek earth goddess, it proposes that the responses of living organisms to environmental conditions ultimately bring about changes that make the earth better adapted to support life; the system would rid itself of any species that adversely affects the environment. The theory has found favour with many conservationists, and its ideas are embodied in the discipline known as earth system science. Geography J. Lovelock (1988) argues that planet Earth—atmosphere, ecosphere, geosphere, and hydrosphere—is a single ecosystem/organism, regulating itself by feedback between its abiotic and biotic components. Lovelock stresses the overriding importance of Gaia, rather than any individual species. Kleidon (2002) Climatic Change 52, 3 concludes that life on Earth tends to enhance carbon uptake. Gaia tends to equilibrium, but human agency seems to be overriding its regulatory mechanism. ‘We have spread thousands of toxic chemicals worldwide, appropriated 40% of the solar energy available for photosynthesis, converted almost all of the easily arable land, dammed most of the rivers, raised the planet sea level, and now…are close to running out of fresh water. A collateral effect of all this genetic activity is the continuing extinction of wild ecosystems, along with the species that compose them. This also happened to be the only human impact that is irreversible’ (E. O. Wilson 2006).
随便看	Yorkist York, Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of (1411–60) Yorkshire terrier Yorktown Yoruba empire of Oyo Yoshida Shigeru (1878–1967) yotta- Youden square Youden, William John (1900–71) Youden’s index Young, Brigham (1801–77) Young England Younger Dryas young fold mountain younging Young Ireland Young Italy Young, James (1811–83) Young, John Watts (1930–2018) Young modulus of elasticity young mountain belt crustal type Young Plan Young, Thomas Young, Thomas (1773–1829) Young Turks