“fusion”的概念、定义、翻译、参考文献-科学参考

fusion

Physics

1. Melting.

2. See nuclear fusion.

Astronomy

The process in which two atomic nuclei join together to form a larger single nucleus, sometimes with the production of other particles as well. For nuclei with masses up to that of iron the process releases large amounts of energy (the binding energy). Nuclear fusion takes place at very high temperatures and pressures, which are required to overcome the strong repulsive force between the positively charged nuclei. Such conditions exist within stars, where the energy released by fusion keeps the star shining.

Chemistry

Melting.

Chemical Engineering

1. The process of changing from the solid state to liquid state, as in melting, by the application and absorption of heat. The latent heat of fusion is the quantity of heat required to change a mass of solid to a liquid. The latent heat of fusion of changing ice to water is 333 kJ kg⁻¹.

2. The combining of atomic nuclei of lighter elements to form nuclei of a heavier element.

Biology

The combining together of cells, nuclei, or cytoplasm. See cell fusion; fertilization.

Logic

A binary sentential connective $\circ$ frequently seen in relevant logics and logics of strict implication such that relevant or strict implication acts as the residuum of fusion. In substructural logics, fusion is often treated as a counterpart to the comma separating formulae in a set of assumptions, e.g., a cedent. In many relevant logics, $φ \circ ψ$ is definable as $\neg (φ \to \neg ψ)$ , which is equivalent to $\neg (ψ \to \neg φ)$ or, alternatively, is introduced by the axiom scheme residuation.
In some contexts, fusion is treated as an intensional conjunction of $φ$ and $ψ$ so that $φ \circ ψ$ captures a notion of compossibility, compatibility, or cotenability of the two formulae. That neither formula entails the falsehood of its companion suggests a reading of $φ \circ ψ$ as indicating the compatibility of $φ$ and $ψ$ . In logics of strict implication, fusion is often taken as a primitive notion, and a strict implication $φ ⊰ ψ$ can be defined as $\neg (φ \circ \neg ψ)$ , that is, ‘ $φ$ is not compossible with the negation of $ψ$ ’. In presentations of strict implication with a possibility operator $♢$ , $φ \circ ψ$ can be perspicuously defined as $♢ (φ \circ ψ)$ .
Fusion is dual to a related connective of fission, which itself is sometimes interpreted as an intensional disjunction.

Geology and Earth Sciences

1. Generally, the melting of a solid substance by heat.
2. In nuclear fusion, the combining of two light atomic nuclei to form a heavier nucleus with the sudden release of energy, e.g. in the hydrogen bomb.

单词	fusion
释义	fusion Physics 1. Melting. 2. See nuclear fusion. Astronomy The process in which two atomic nuclei join together to form a larger single nucleus, sometimes with the production of other particles as well. For nuclei with masses up to that of iron the process releases large amounts of energy (the binding energy). Nuclear fusion takes place at very high temperatures and pressures, which are required to overcome the strong repulsive force between the positively charged nuclei. Such conditions exist within stars, where the energy released by fusion keeps the star shining. Chemistry Melting. Chemical Engineering 1. The process of changing from the solid state to liquid state, as in melting, by the application and absorption of heat. The latent heat of fusion is the quantity of heat required to change a mass of solid to a liquid. The latent heat of fusion of changing ice to water is 333 kJ kg⁻¹. 2. The combining of atomic nuclei of lighter elements to form nuclei of a heavier element. Biology The combining together of cells, nuclei, or cytoplasm. See cell fusion; fertilization. Logic A binary sentential connective $\circ$ frequently seen in relevant logics and logics of strict implication such that relevant or strict implication acts as the residuum of fusion. In substructural logics, fusion is often treated as a counterpart to the comma separating formulae in a set of assumptions, e.g., a cedent. In many relevant logics, $φ \circ ψ$ is definable as $\neg (φ \to \neg ψ)$ , which is equivalent to $\neg (ψ \to \neg φ)$ or, alternatively, is introduced by the axiom scheme residuation. In some contexts, fusion is treated as an intensional conjunction of $φ$ and $ψ$ so that $φ \circ ψ$ captures a notion of compossibility, compatibility, or cotenability of the two formulae. That neither formula entails the falsehood of its companion suggests a reading of $φ \circ ψ$ as indicating the compatibility of $φ$ and $ψ$ . In logics of strict implication, fusion is often taken as a primitive notion, and a strict implication $φ ⊰ ψ$ can be defined as $\neg (φ \circ \neg ψ)$ , that is, ‘ $φ$ is not compossible with the negation of $ψ$ ’. In presentations of strict implication with a possibility operator $♢$ , $φ \circ ψ$ can be perspicuously defined as $♢ (φ \circ ψ)$ . Fusion is dual to a related connective of fission, which itself is sometimes interpreted as an intensional disjunction. Geology and Earth Sciences 1. Generally, the melting of a solid substance by heat. 2. In nuclear fusion, the combining of two light atomic nuclei to form a heavier nucleus with the sudden release of energy, e.g. in the hydrogen bomb.
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