“relaxation”的概念、定义、翻译、参考文献-科学参考

relaxation

Physics

1. The return of a system that has had a sudden disturbance to its equilibrium state. Relaxation time is the average time that it takes for the system to relax. An example of a relaxation time is the time it takes for a gas to return to the Maxwell–Boltzmann distribution after it has been suddenly disturbed from that state. Relaxation is frequently discussed in terms of a response function.

2. In magnetic resonance, relaxation from an excited state to the ground state. There are two types of relaxation in magnetic resonance, each of which is characterized by its own relaxation time. The first type is spin-lattice relaxation, in which relaxation occurs because of the interaction between the spin system and its environment (which does not have to be a lattice), and the second is spin-spin relaxation, in which relaxation occurs because of interactions between spins. It is because the two relaxation processes are physically different that the relaxation times associated with these processes are different.

Chemistry

The return to the equilibrium state of a system after it has experienced a sudden change due to an external influence. The time for relaxation to take place is called the relaxation time. An example is the average time that a system remains in the higher energy state before it falls to the lower energy state in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). In general, any process involving decay is assumed to have exponential decay, with the relaxation time being the time it takes for the variable to fall from its initial value to 1/e of its initial value. Another example of relaxation time is the time needed for a gas to return to the Maxwell distribution of velocities, after it has been suddenly disturbed from that state.

Geology and Earth Sciences

A term used to describe the ‘fading’, or loss of topographic relief, of craters on icy satellites. Such craters are generally shallower than those on rocky satellites, due to viscous flow of the icy crust. Some disappear completely, leaving a discoloured patch or palimpsest on the surface.

单词	relaxation
释义	relaxation Physics 1. The return of a system that has had a sudden disturbance to its equilibrium state. Relaxation time is the average time that it takes for the system to relax. An example of a relaxation time is the time it takes for a gas to return to the Maxwell–Boltzmann distribution after it has been suddenly disturbed from that state. Relaxation is frequently discussed in terms of a response function. 2. In magnetic resonance, relaxation from an excited state to the ground state. There are two types of relaxation in magnetic resonance, each of which is characterized by its own relaxation time. The first type is spin-lattice relaxation, in which relaxation occurs because of the interaction between the spin system and its environment (which does not have to be a lattice), and the second is spin-spin relaxation, in which relaxation occurs because of interactions between spins. It is because the two relaxation processes are physically different that the relaxation times associated with these processes are different. Chemistry The return to the equilibrium state of a system after it has experienced a sudden change due to an external influence. The time for relaxation to take place is called the relaxation time. An example is the average time that a system remains in the higher energy state before it falls to the lower energy state in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). In general, any process involving decay is assumed to have exponential decay, with the relaxation time being the time it takes for the variable to fall from its initial value to 1/e of its initial value. Another example of relaxation time is the time needed for a gas to return to the Maxwell distribution of velocities, after it has been suddenly disturbed from that state. Geology and Earth Sciences A term used to describe the ‘fading’, or loss of topographic relief, of craters on icy satellites. Such craters are generally shallower than those on rocky satellites, due to viscous flow of the icy crust. Some disappear completely, leaving a discoloured patch or palimpsest on the surface.
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