“food chain”的概念、定义、翻译、参考文献-科学参考

food chain

Biology

The transfer of energy from green plants (the primary producers) through a sequence of organisms in which each eats the one below it in the chain and is eaten by the one above. Thus plants are eaten by herbivores, which are then eaten by carnivores. These may in turn be eaten by different carnivores. The position an organism occupies in a food chain is known as its trophic level. In practice, many animals feed at several different trophic levels, resulting in a more complex set of feeding relationships known as a food web. See bioenergetics; consumer; producer; pyramid of biomass; pyramid of energy; pyramid of numbers; trophic efficiency.

Geography

Plants (primary producers) and consumers at various trophic levels are interconnected in their diet and in their role as sources of food. A food chain is a linear sequence representing the nutrition of various species from the simplest plant through to top carnivores, as in: rose→greenfly→ladybird→sparrow→ sparrowhawk. (This direct pathway is too simplified, and plants and animals are usually linked together in a food web.) Schoener (1989) Ecology 70 shows that food-chain length is governed by the total energy available to a given trophic level. See Post and Takimoto (2007) Oikos 116 on variations in food-chain length, and Steinberg et al. (1995) Procs Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 92 on the evolutionary consequences of food-chain length.

单词	food chain
释义	food chain Biology The transfer of energy from green plants (the primary producers) through a sequence of organisms in which each eats the one below it in the chain and is eaten by the one above. Thus plants are eaten by herbivores, which are then eaten by carnivores. These may in turn be eaten by different carnivores. The position an organism occupies in a food chain is known as its trophic level. In practice, many animals feed at several different trophic levels, resulting in a more complex set of feeding relationships known as a food web. See bioenergetics; consumer; producer; pyramid of biomass; pyramid of energy; pyramid of numbers; trophic efficiency. Geography Plants (primary producers) and consumers at various trophic levels are interconnected in their diet and in their role as sources of food. A food chain is a linear sequence representing the nutrition of various species from the simplest plant through to top carnivores, as in: rose→greenfly→ladybird→sparrow→ sparrowhawk. (This direct pathway is too simplified, and plants and animals are usually linked together in a food web.) Schoener (1989) Ecology 70 shows that food-chain length is governed by the total energy available to a given trophic level. See Post and Takimoto (2007) Oikos 116 on variations in food-chain length, and Steinberg et al. (1995) Procs Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 92 on the evolutionary consequences of food-chain length.
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