“Raschig process”的概念、定义、翻译、参考文献-科学参考

Raschig process

Chemistry

An industrial process for making chlorobenzene (and phenol) by a gas-phase reaction between benzene vapour, hydrogen chloride, and oxygen (air) at 230°C:
$2 C_{6} H_{6} + 2 HCl + O_{2} \to 2 H_{2} O + 2 C_{6} H_{5} Cl$
The catalyst is copper(II) chloride. The chlorobenzene is mainly used for making phenol by the reaction
$C_{6} H_{5} {Cl + H}_{2} O \to {HCl + C}_{6} H_{5} OH$
This reaction proceeds at 430°C with a silicon catalyst. The process was patented by the German chemist Friedrich Raschig (1863–1928) in 1887.

Chemical Engineering

1. A process used for the production of chlorobenzene. It uses a gas-phase catalytic reaction between benzene vapour, hydrogen chloride, and oxygen in the form of air at a temperature of 230^ºC in the presence of a copper chloride catalyst:
$2 C_{6} H_{6} + 2 H C l + O_{2} \to 2 H_{2} O + 2 C_{6} H_{5} C l$

The chlorobenzene produced is then used for the production of phenol:
$C_{6} H_{5} C l + H_{2} O \to C_{6} H_{5} O H + H C l$

The reaction takes place at 430°C in the presence of a silicon catalyst. The process is named after German chemist Fritz Raschig (1863–1928). The Hooker–Raschig process is a variation and uses a different type of catalyst.

2. A two-step process used for the production of hydrazine using the oxidation of ammonia with sodium hypochlorite in the presence of gelatine:
$\begin{array}{l} N H_{3} + N a O C l \to N a O H + H_{2} N C l \\ H_{2} N C l + N H_{3} \to N_{2} H_{4} + H C l \end{array}$

(p. 316) The Olin–Raschig process is a refinement of the process; developed by the Olin Corporation, it involves mixing a solution of sodium hypochlorite with ammonia at 5^ºC to form chloramine and sodium hydroxide, and then quickly adding it to anhydrous ammonia under pressure and a temperature of 130^ºC to produce the hydrazine, water, and sodium chlorine.

单词	Raschig process
释义	Raschig process Chemistry An industrial process for making chlorobenzene (and phenol) by a gas-phase reaction between benzene vapour, hydrogen chloride, and oxygen (air) at 230°C: $2 C_{6} H_{6} + 2 HCl + O_{2} \to 2 H_{2} O + 2 C_{6} H_{5} Cl$ The catalyst is copper(II) chloride. The chlorobenzene is mainly used for making phenol by the reaction $C_{6} H_{5} {Cl + H}_{2} O \to {HCl + C}_{6} H_{5} OH$ This reaction proceeds at 430°C with a silicon catalyst. The process was patented by the German chemist Friedrich Raschig (1863–1928) in 1887. Chemical Engineering 1. A process used for the production of chlorobenzene. It uses a gas-phase catalytic reaction between benzene vapour, hydrogen chloride, and oxygen in the form of air at a temperature of 230^ºC in the presence of a copper chloride catalyst: $2 C_{6} H_{6} + 2 H C l + O_{2} \to 2 H_{2} O + 2 C_{6} H_{5} C l$ The chlorobenzene produced is then used for the production of phenol: $C_{6} H_{5} C l + H_{2} O \to C_{6} H_{5} O H + H C l$ The reaction takes place at 430°C in the presence of a silicon catalyst. The process is named after German chemist Fritz Raschig (1863–1928). The Hooker–Raschig process is a variation and uses a different type of catalyst. 2. A two-step process used for the production of hydrazine using the oxidation of ammonia with sodium hypochlorite in the presence of gelatine: $\begin{array}{l} N H_{3} + N a O C l \to N a O H + H_{2} N C l \\ H_{2} N C l + N H_{3} \to N_{2} H_{4} + H C l \end{array}$ (p. 316) The Olin–Raschig process is a refinement of the process; developed by the Olin Corporation, it involves mixing a solution of sodium hypochlorite with ammonia at 5^ºC to form chloramine and sodium hydroxide, and then quickly adding it to anhydrous ammonia under pressure and a temperature of 130^ºC to produce the hydrazine, water, and sodium chlorine.
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