Russian cosmonaut. Born in southwest Russia near the Ukraine, Feokitstov became in October 1964 the first scientist in space. He had also helped to design the Voskhod 1 spacecraft aboard which he and two fellow cosmonauts (Boris Yegorov and Vlamimir Komarov) made that one-day (16-orbit) trip and set a new altitude record of 336 km. During the mission, Feokitstov and his crewmates tested the vehicle, conducted biomedical research, and monitored how a multi-disciplinary crew work together in space; it was the first time that more than one person had made such a journey. Feokitsov and Yegorov were also the first civilians in space. After his flight, Feokitsov went on to help develop the Soyuz spacecraft and Salyut space station. Feoktistov received a number of honours including the Order of the Red Banner of Labour following the 1957 launching of Sputnik I, which he also helped to design. He died in Moscow at age of 83.