Taylor (2007) GaWC Res. Bull. 238 distinguishes between a growth in the economy, but with the same division of labour—economic growth—and the production of new commodities—economic expansion—where the division of labour is altered, creating a more complex economy. Taylor calls the former ‘old work’: ‘State economic planning has produced such through increasing old work. But this has its limitations.’ The second, he associates with cities ‘where cycles of new work generate vibrant, cosmopolitan city economies’. Frenken and Boschma (2007) J. Econ. Geog. 7, 5 view the process of economic development as an evolutionary branching process of product innovations. Essletzbichler in K. Franken, ed. (2007) finds significant positive relationships between diversity and stability on the one hand, and growth and instability on the other. Park (2003) Pol. Geog. 22, 8 argues that the politics of local economic development in South Korea engendered regionalism and uneven development.