Pius V was an austere Dominican, Bishop of Nepi and Sutri (1556), cardinal (1557), and Grand Inquisitor from 1558. As pope, he laboured to restore discipline and morality with a sometimes intransigent Counter-Reformation zeal. His ill-timed Bull calling for the deposition of Elizabeth I of England (1570) proved ineffectual, but he had more success in helping to organize the Holy League, whose forces defeated the Turks at Lepanto (1571). He was canonized in 1712.