In 3‐dimensional space, a direction can be specified as follows. Take a point P such that has the given direction and |OP| = 1. Let α, β and γ be the three angles ∠xOP, ∠yOP and ∠zOP, measured in radians with 0 ≤ α, β, γ ≤ π. Then cosα, cosβ, and cosγ are the direction cosines of . Point P has coordinates (cosα, cosβ, cosγ), and so cos2α + cos2β + cos2γ = 1.