The non-glacial Earth-surface processes, sediment accumulations, landforms, landsystems, and landscapes that are directly conditioned by glaciation and deglaciation (Ballantyne (2002) Quat. Sci. Revs 21). This distinguishes it from the term ‘periglacial’ which is defined as ‘cold, non-glacial’ and is applied to environments in which frost-related processes and/or permafrost are either dominant or characteristic. See Iturrizaga (2008) Geomorph. 95, 1–2 on paraglacial debris landscapes.