“decision theory”的概念、定义、翻译、参考文献-科学参考

decision theory

Mathematics

The area of statistics and game theory concerned with decision making under uncertainty to maximize expected utility.

Statistics

A method of deciding between various alternative experiments and actions. The decision process is informed by assigning probabilities to the various alternatives and assigning costs (or benefits or utilities) to the alternative outcomes. The decision process is governed by the wish to minimize the expected cost or to maximize the expected benefit or utility.

Philosophy

The theory of choices made when each option is associated with a risk, or expectation of gain or loss, where the expectation is a function of the probability of some outcome and the total gain or loss involved. Decision theory may be pursued with the aim of finding results about how decisions ought to be made (normative decision theory) or with the aim of finding out how they are actually made (empirical decision theory). See dominance, expected utility, game theory.

Economics

The analysis of rational decision-making. A rational decision-maker chooses between the available alternatives on the basis of their consequences. If there is certainty each alternative has a known consequence that can be evaluated in terms of the decision-maker’s objectives. In most circumstances the objectives can be summarized in a utility function. Decision theory then describes the conditions under which an optimal choice exists, and provides a characterization of the optimal choice. When there is risk, each alternative generates a probability distribution over possible consequences and the decision-maker has to choose between probability distributions. The choice is made using the decision-maker’s expected utility function. If the probability distribution is unknown then the choice is made under conditions of uncertainty. The decision-maker has to utilize subjective probabilities to assess the consequences of alternatives. The discovery of anomalies in empirical and experimental investigations of choice situations has brought into question some of the underlying assumptions of decision theory. See also Allais paradox.

单词	decision theory
释义	decision theory Mathematics The area of statistics and game theory concerned with decision making under uncertainty to maximize expected utility. Statistics A method of deciding between various alternative experiments and actions. The decision process is informed by assigning probabilities to the various alternatives and assigning costs (or benefits or utilities) to the alternative outcomes. The decision process is governed by the wish to minimize the expected cost or to maximize the expected benefit or utility. Philosophy The theory of choices made when each option is associated with a risk, or expectation of gain or loss, where the expectation is a function of the probability of some outcome and the total gain or loss involved. Decision theory may be pursued with the aim of finding results about how decisions ought to be made (normative decision theory) or with the aim of finding out how they are actually made (empirical decision theory). See dominance, expected utility, game theory. Economics The analysis of rational decision-making. A rational decision-maker chooses between the available alternatives on the basis of their consequences. If there is certainty each alternative has a known consequence that can be evaluated in terms of the decision-maker’s objectives. In most circumstances the objectives can be summarized in a utility function. Decision theory then describes the conditions under which an optimal choice exists, and provides a characterization of the optimal choice. When there is risk, each alternative generates a probability distribution over possible consequences and the decision-maker has to choose between probability distributions. The choice is made using the decision-maker’s expected utility function. If the probability distribution is unknown then the choice is made under conditions of uncertainty. The decision-maker has to utilize subjective probabilities to assess the consequences of alternatives. The discovery of anomalies in empirical and experimental investigations of choice situations has brought into question some of the underlying assumptions of decision theory. See also Allais paradox.
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