1. For small values of the magnetic field strength H, the normal permeability of a material is approximately by a + bH, where a is the initial permeability and b is a constant.

2. In a magnetic material subject to cyclic magnetization, with maximum magnetic field strength small compared with the coercive force, the hysteresis loss per cycle is proportional to the cube of the maximum value of the magnetic induction.

In Rayleigh scattering, the intensity of light scattered in a direction making an angle θ with the incident direction is proportional to 1 + cos² θ and inversely proportional to the fourth power of the wavelength of the incident radiation.