The time before, after, and between computer machine runs, in which manual tasks are carried out, such as changing tape reels or transporting tapes, cards, or supplies to and from the computer equipment, to prepare for a new run.

The total time needed to prepare a robot to carry out a task, including the time required to obtain the proper tools or end effectors and any work pieces.

In manufacturing operations, the time needed to perform tasks involved in starting up an operation. Also known as start-up time.

The time required for a cement or a gelatin to harden.