Change of a compound into an isomeric form.

The process of scrambling speech for secrecy by beating the voice signal with a fixed, higher audio frequency and using only the difference frequencies.

A change from one crystal polymorph to another. Also known as transformation.

The solution of certain problems in electrostatics through the use of the transformation in Kelvin's inversion theorem.

A type of chromosomal rearrangement in which two breaks take place in a chromosome and the fragment between breaks rotates 180° before rejoining.

1. Development of inverted relief through which anticlines are transformed into valleys and synclines are changed into mountains.

2. The occupancy by a lava flow of a ravine or valley that occurred in the side of a volcano.

3. A diagenetic process in which unstable minerals are converted to a more stable form without a change in chemical composition.

1. Given a point O lying in a plane or in space, a mapping of the plane or of space, excluding the point O, into itself in which every point is mapped into its inverse point with respect to a circle or sphere centered at O.

2. The interchange of two adjacent members of a sequence.

The conversion of basic four-bar linkages to special motion linkages, such as parallelogram linkage, slider-crank mechanism, and slow-motion mechanism by successively holding fast, as ground link, members of a specific linkage (as drag link).

The act or process of turning inward or upside down.

A departure from the usual decrease or increase with altitude of the value of an atmospheric property, most commonly temperature.

The formation of an inverted image by an optical system.

The simultaneous reflection of all three directions in space, so that each coordinate is replaced by the negative of itself. Also known as space inversion.

The production of a layer at the surface of a semiconductor which is of opposite type from that of the bulk of the semiconductor, usually as the result of an applied electric field.

A reversal of the usual direction of a variation or process, such as the change in sign of the expansion coefficient of water at 4°C, or a change in sign in the Joule-Thomson coefficient at a certain temperature.