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吉兹亚
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吉兹亚
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吉兹亚
伊斯兰教兴起初期,阿拉伯帝国向“新领土”上的犹太教徒、基督教徒和萨比教徒(即“圣约翰派的基督教徒”)等征收的附加税。阿拉伯语的音译,“人丁税”或“人头税”之意。
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animal ecology
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animal embryonic development
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animal epidemic prevention law
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animal experimental technique
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