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finite and nonfinite
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finite and nonfinite
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﹝理论与概念﹞
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finite and nonfinite
定式与非定式
英语“finite(定式)”一词作为语言学术语,源于拉丁语词“finitus”,起初意为“对特定的人进行指称的”,后经扩展用于动词,表达人称和数两种语法意义:“verba finita(定式动词)”指人称和数确定的动词形式,有语法一致形态;“verba infinita(非定式动词)”指人称和数不确定的动词形式,无语法一致形态。动词的这种区分后又与时态关联起来:定式动词有时态屈折变化,非定式动词无时态屈折变化。就语句整体而言,含定式动词的小句或结构是定式结构,含非定式动词的小句或结构是非定式结构,后者包含传统语法中所说的不定式、分词、动名词等。
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