A peptide-based, personalized glioblastoma cancer vaccine consisting of patient-specific glioblastoma-derived immunogenic mutated epitopes (neoantigens), with potential immunomodulating and antineoplastic activities. Vaccination with the neoantigen-based glioblastoma vaccine stimulates the host immune system to mount a cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) response against tumor cells expressing the neoantigens, which results in tumor cell lysis. Neoantigens are tumor-specific antigens derived from mutated proteins that are present only in a specific tumor.